This is my contribution to the T-SQL Tuesday blog party, started by Adam Machanic and hosted this month by Aaron Nelson. Aaron announced this month's topic is "reporting" so I figured I'd throw a blog up on a reporting topic I've been interested in for a while -- namely creating custom reports in SSMS.
Creating SSMS custom reports isn't difficult, but like most technical work it's very detailed with a lot of little steps involved. So this post is a little longer than usual and includes a lot of screenshots. There's also a downloadable ZIP file with the projects from this article included.
SSMS Custom Reports
SQL Server 2008 and 2005 both offer custom report functionality in Management Studio. With a little bit of work you can create custom SSMS reports just like the standard reports that Microsoft ships with Management Studio. The Disk Usage Report shown below is just one of the many standard reports that comes with SSMS.
Creating a Report Project
SSMS uses the SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS) 2005 client/viewer control to render both standard and custom reports. This is true for both SSMS 2005 and SSMS 2008. So the first step to building a custom SSMS report is to fire up Visual Studio 2005 and create a new Report Server Project as shown below. For this example we'll create a custom report that lists missing indexes, so give the project the name Missing Index.
Once you create the Report Server Project right-click on Reports in the Solution Explorer and choose Add > New Item...
When the Add New Item box appears, choose the Report template and give the report a name. For this example I named the report Missing Index.rdl - the .rdl extension stands for "Report Definition Language", and is the standard extension for SSRS report definition files.
Defining the Report Dataset
Once the report is added to your project you have to add a new dataset to the report. The dataset defines the structure and content of the source data that will populate your report. Choose <New Dataset...> from the Dataset: dropdown.
Visual Studio will respond with a Data Source box. Just make sure the Type: dropdown is set to the default Microsoft SQL Server and put Data Source=. in the Connection string: box. This is all that's required since the SSMS custom report you're creating will use connections created and managed by SSMS's Object Explorer.
After you define the data source, you can define the SQL query that will populate your report. Just put the query in the dataset window as shown below.
I borrowed (and slightly modified) the following query from Brent Ozar. He originally published it at SQLServerPedia. This particular query uses SQL Server's missing index Dynamic Management Views (DMVs) to identify missing indexes.
-- Begin missing index query
WITH cte
AS
(
SELECT mid.object_id AS object_id,
QUOTENAME(OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(mid.object_id)) AS table_schema,
QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(mid.object_id)) AS table_name,
QUOTENAME('IX_' + OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(mid.object_id) + '_' +
LEFT(CAST(NEWID() AS CHAR(36)), 8)) AS index_name,
mid.index_handle
FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_details mid
)
SELECT
DENSE_RANK() OVER
(
ORDER BY cte.table_schema, cte.table_name
) AS table_color,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER
(
PARTITION BY cte.table_schema, cte.table_name
ORDER BY (avg_total_user_cost * avg_user_impact) * (user_seeks + user_scans) DESC
) AS index_color,
cte.table_schema,
cte.table_name,
cte.index_name AS index_name,
(avg_total_user_cost * avg_user_impact) * (user_seeks + user_scans) AS calc_impact,
'CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX ' + cte.index_name + ' ON ' +
cte.table_schema + '.' + cte.table_name +
' (' + COALESCE(mid.equality_columns, '') +
CASE WHEN mid.inequality_columns IS NULL
THEN ''
ELSE CASE WHEN mid.equality_columns IS NULL
THEN ''
ELSE ','
END + mid.inequality_columns
END +
') ' + CASE WHEN mid.included_columns IS NULL
THEN ''
ELSE 'INCLUDE (' + mid.included_columns + ')'
END +
';' AS create_stmt,
mid.equality_columns,
mid.inequality_columns,
mid.included_columns
FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats AS migs
INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_groups AS mig
ON migs.group_handle = mig.index_group_handle
INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_missing_index_details AS mid
ON mig.index_handle = mid.index_handle
AND mid.database_id = DB_ID()
INNER JOIN cte
ON cte.index_handle = mid.index_handle
WHERE migs.group_handle IN
(
SELECT group_handle
FROM sys.dm_db_missing_index_group_stats WITH (NOLOCK)
)
ORDER BY calc_impact DESC;
-- End missing index query
There are a couple of caveats to keep in mind about the missing index DMVs that this query relies on:
- They're not designed to be exhaustive. If you want to get a serious analysis of useful indexes in your databases, you definitely want to use a tool that will perform a more extensive analysis.
- The DMVs only persist their information since the last time the SQL Server service was restarted. If you've recently restarted the service you'll get very little information back. These DMVs are best to use when your server has been running under normal load for a while.
- The suggestions returned by the DMVs aren't always the best way to go. These DMVs often recommend suggested indexes with lots of overlap (lots of columns in common, often in similar order).
To put it another way, don't take the raw information returned by these DMVs at face value. The information they return is definitely useful for determining where indexes might provide benefit if your system has been running under normal load for a while, and the redundant index suggestions tend to indicate which indexes might be most useful. But these DMVs just amount to a starting point for analyzing your indexing needs. I'd recommend against creating dozens of redundant indexes based on the raw output of these DMVs.
Visual Studio will normally populate the dataset fields. If for some reason it doesn't, you can manually edit the fields by hitting the 
Edit Selected Dataset button to pull up the Dataset window. You can then enter the field names on the Fields tab if they aren't already populated.
Building the Report
So far most of what we've done is just setup. With this done, it's time to design and build the actual report. For this, click on the Visual Studio Layout tab to get to the report designer surface. You can drag and drop text boxes, charts, tables, images and any other controls from the Toolbox onto the designer surface. To keep it simple we'll just drag a text box and a table onto the designer.
Put the title of the report in the text box (in this case "Missing Index Report") and format it to your liking. The table we dragged onto the designer surface has three columns by default. For this example we want six columns total. To add more columns right-click on the top border of the table and choose Insert Column to the Left to add a new column. Repeat two more times.
In the Header row of the table we'll type in the headers for each column like the following:
In the Detail row we'll put in the formulas to populate the database fields like this:
SSRS formulas begin with the equal sign (=). Fields from the dataset are referenced directly using the format Fields!field_name.Value.
Deploying and Running the Report
At this point use Visual Studio to build the project. Once it builds without error, navigate to the project directory in Windows Explorer and copy the Missing Index.rdl file to the SSMS Custom Reports directory (on my computer this directory is located at C:\Users\Michael\Documents\SQL Server Management Studio\Custom Reports, it'll be different on yours).
You can now bring up this report in SSMS by right-clicking on a database in the Object Explorer and selecting Reports > Custom Reports... to select the custom report.
Choose your custom report from the file selection box and click Open.
When you run a custom report in SSMS you'll get a warning like the following:
Just choose Run. You might also want to check the box that says "Please don't show this warning again" to keep the box from popping up every time you run a custom report. The simple custom report you've created looks like the one shown below.
You can use images, color and other formatting techniques to make the report easier to read and use, and more flexible for your users. Consider the image below, which is a screenshot of a reformatted version of the Missing Index report. This one includes more information, color and collapsible sections. Both reports are included in the attached ZIP file under the Missing Index and Missing Index Color directories.
You can play around with the source files included in the attached ZIP file.